VIN database
2009 Ford Taurus X VIN decoder
Decode any 2009 Ford Taurus X VIN here - free, no sign-up - then see every build configuration the catalog holds for this model year and 100 real sample VINs.
Every sample 2009 Ford Taurus X VIN in this catalog starts with the world manufacturer identifier 1FM. The tenth character is 9, the model-year code for 2009; the eleventh is the assembly-plant code, and 2 of them appear here: 6 and G. The factory records place assembly at Chicago, United States (USA). One engine is recorded for this model year: 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline. The catalog holds 100 sample 2009 Ford Taurus X VINs. Decode your own with the field at the top of this page.
2009 Ford Taurus X trims, engines and plants
| Series / Trim | Engine | Body | Doors / seats | Plant | Sample VINs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEL | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) | 4-door | Chicago, United States (USA) | 43 |
| Limited | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) | 4-door | Chicago, United States (USA) | 15 |
| Eddie Bauer | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) | 4-door | Chicago, United States (USA) | 14 |
| SEL | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | 4-door | Chicago, United States (USA) | 13 |
| Limited | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | 4-door | Chicago, United States (USA) | 9 |
| Eddie Bauer | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV] | 4-door | Chicago, United States (USA) | 4 |
| SEL | 3.5L · 6-cyl · 263 hp · Gasoline | Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) | 4-door | 2 |
Sample 2009 Ford Taurus X VINs
Factory specs by VIN prefix
1FMDK02W09G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Trim
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W19G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W29G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W39G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W49G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Trim
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W59G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W69G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W79G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W89G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02W99G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK02WX9G - SEL
- Series
- SEL
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK03W19G - Limited
- Series
- Limited
- Trim
- Limited
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK03W29G - Limited
- Series
- Limited
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK03W39G - Limited
- Series
- Limited
- Trim
- Limited
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK03W59G - Limited
- Series
- Limited
- Trim
- Limited
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK03W69G - Limited
- Series
- Limited
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)
1FMDK03W89G - Limited
- Series
- Limited
- Trim
- Limited
- Body Class
- Sport Utility Vehicle [SUV]/Multipurpose Vehicle [MPV]
- Drive Type
- FWD/Front-Wheel Drive
- Engine Cylinders
- 6
- Displacement L
- 3.5
- Engine Hp
- 263
- Fuel Type Primary
- Gasoline
- Doors
- 4
- Manufacturer Name
- FORD MOTOR COMPANY
- Plant City
- Chicago
- Plant Country
- United States (USA)
- Air Bag Loc Curtain
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Front
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Air Bag Loc Side
- 1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
- Brake System Type
- Hydraulic
- Displacement CC
- 3500.0
- Displacement CI
- 213.58310433156
- Engine
- 3.5L V-Shaped
- Engine Configuration
- V-Shaped
- Engine KW
- 196.1191
- Engine Manufacturer
- Ford
- GVWR
- Class 1C: 4,001 - 5,000 lb (1,814 - 2,268 kg)
- Other Engine Info
- 4V
- Plant State
- ILLINOIS
- Seat Belts All
- Manual
- TPMS
- Direct
- Vehicle Type
- MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE (MPV)